ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has serious effects on cardiorespiratory capacity. In this sense, physical activity has been identified as beneficial in the treatment of cardiorespiratory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive benefits. To date, no study has been found on cardiorespiratory capacity and rehabilitation in patients cured after COVID-19. Thus, this brief report aims to relate the benefits of physical activity to cardiorespiratory function after COVID-19. It is important to know how different levels of physical activity can be related to the different symptoms of COVID-19. In view of this, the objectives of this brief report were to: (1) explore the theoretical associations between COVID-19 symptoms and physical activity; (2) compare the cardiorespiratory function of non-COVID-19 participants and post-COVID-19 patients; and (3) propose a physical activity program to improve the cardiorespiratory fitness of post-COVID-19 patients. Thus, we note that moderate-intensity physical activity (i.e., walking) has a greater beneficial effect on immune function, whereas vigorous activity (i.e., marathon running) tends to temporarily reduce immune function through an imbalance of cytokine types I and II in the hours and days after exercise. However, there is no consensus in the literature in this regard, since other investigations suggest that high-intensity training can also be beneficial, not causing clinically relevant immunosuppression. Physical activity has been shown to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most frequently associated with severe COVID-19. Thus, it is possible to infer that physically active individuals seem to be less exposed to the dangers of severe COVID-19 compared to non-active individuals through the benefits of physical activity in strengthening the immune system and fighting infections. The current study demonstrates that physical activity appears to be beneficial in improving the clinical conditions most often associated with severe COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cardiorespiratory Fitness , Humans , Physical Fitness/physiology , Exercise/physiology , ImmunityABSTRACT
A properly balanced diet can improve the immunity system and also prevent various diseases including COVID-19 which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARC-Co2). This review mainly describes dietary guidelines or approaches to build up our immunity as well as better health and protect from corona virus. As we all know one line "Health is Wealth". So this wealth can be established or secure by optimal diet. Basic food components that are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamin and minerals have various important functions to fight against diseases. Most of the documents encourage to consumption of fruits, green vegetables, proteins, whole grains and fluids. Vitamins such as C, E, D, A most important to boost up our immunity. Vitamin C and E also known as natural antioxidants because they protect our body from infection and vitamin C also helps to absorption of iron. Zinc selenium, amino acid and omega 3 fatty acids are necessary to fight COVID-19. Besides this good hygiene practice, proper physical practice or daily work out and proper amount of water intake can improve good health status and prevent chronic illness. Sleep is necessary to heal and rest our body especially during critical illness. Exercise helps to increase the level of white blood corpacell and antibody which helps to fight against infections. This paper discussed the role of these nutrients and specific functions related to improving COVID patients. These nutrients can protect our health from various infectious diseases as well as can decreases mortality and the morbidity rate of COVID-19 patients by improving immunity levels. Copyright © RJPT All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Nutrition Bio-shield Superfood (NBS) powder on the immune system function and clinical manifestations in patients with COVID-19. We compare the effects of NBS powder on the immune system function and clinical manifestations among two different groups: 1) intervention group receiving standard treatment scheduled according to treatment guidelines plus NBS powder, and 2) control group receiving only the same standard treatment. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IFNγ, and TNFα were determined after four weeks of treatment by specific ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Finally, the level of immune system stimulation and inflammatory markers were compared at baseline and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22). A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was set as significant. A total of 47 patients with COVID-19 (24 patients in the intervention group and 23 patients in the control group) were included in this study. Results showed that the differences in the mean decrease of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in the intervention group in comparison to the control group were 0.93, 10.28, and 8.11 pg/ml, respectively (P<0.001). On the other hand, there was no difference in IL-17, IFNγ, monocytes, eosinophil, and other inflammatory indices between the intervention and control groups. Although NBS powder was able to significantly decrease the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, however, it is noteworthy that the course of the disease was to large part unaffected by NBS power and there was a reduction independent of treatment. The present study indicates that NBS powder could provide a beneficial anti-inflammatory effect in patients with COVID-19. Hence, NBS in treating patients with COVID-19 shows promise as an adjuvant to the current standard antiviral treatment of such patients. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20200426047206N1.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Interleukin-17 , Humans , Interleukin-2 , Interleukin-6 , Monocytes , Powders , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Viruses are unseen enemies which tend to disarmingly spread from person-to-person, therefore causing health damages and weakens the immunity system. Their invisibility give rise to various representations, projections and imaginations that allow laypeople to tame the unseen and intangible nature of viruses. For the first time to our knowledge, we are proposing a novel and uncommon scientific approach resting on the synergy between two scientific field: Technical Sciences & Medicine (TSM) with Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). Therefore, we present the results of our investigations concerning the evaluation of the social impact of the scientific image of free virions on a specific population, particularly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic: people over 60 years old. For this research, we have implemented two scientific imaging solutions to visualize the free viral particles of SARS-CoV-2. The first one is a standard solution of electron microscopy and the second one is an optical and computational solution of microscopy. The scientific representations of SARS-CoV-2 that we have proposed is in fact highly different from the mass media image that we can see everywhere. Concerning the targeted population, we have demonstrated that the scientific image has a negative impact on the population. Thus, the socially constructed representations of these invisible enemies have a preponderant role in driving laypeople’s emotional reactions and health-related behaviors. Therefore, imaging viruses remains a critical scientific effort that contributes irrevocably to alleviate laypeople’s misrepresentations of these invisible enemies. © 2022 SPIE
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Several studies have suggested that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that can affect several organs, including the brain. In the brain, specifically, viral infection can cause dyshomeostasis of some trace elements that promote complex biochemical reactions in specialized neurological functions. OBJECTIVE: Understand the neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2 and the relationship between trace elements and neurological disorders after infection, and provide new insights on the drug development for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS: The main databases were used to search studies published up September 2021, focusing on the role of trace elements during viral infection and on the correct functioning of the brain. RESULTS: The imbalance of important trace elements can accelerate SARS-CoV-2 neurovirulence and increase the neurotoxicity since many neurological processes can be associated with the homeostasis of metal and metalloproteins. Some studies involving animals and humans have suggested the synapse as a vulnerable region of the brain to neurological disorders after viral infection. Considering the combined evidence, some mechanisms have been suggested to understand the relationship between neurological disorders and imbalance of trace elements in the brain after viral infection. CONCLUSION: Trace elements play important roles in viral infections, such as helping to activate immune cells, produce antibodies, and inhibit virus replication. However, the relationship between trace elements and virus infections is complex since the specific functions of several elements remain largely undefined. Therefore, there is still a lot to be explored to understand the biochemical mechanisms involved between trace elements and viral infections, especially in the brain.
ABSTRACT
At the current time, obesity itself can be a pandemic for many risk factors such as what is occurring in western countries were quickly comforted by the increase in the frequency of obesity, whose effects on health were soon manifested by a significant increase in cardiovascular disease in the general population. Inflammatory proteins can be classified according to their functions into different categories, although they are mainly involved in the response of the acute phase of inflammation, among which is the C-reactive protein (CRP). This study aimed to provide the effects of obesity according to the inflammatory analysis with CRP test on obese patients having a high-frequency inflammation which is one of several causes lead toward the infection and catching by Coronavirus COVID-19 disease because the influence of the obesity on the immunity system, according to sex, ethnicity, and age. We focused that obese patients must avoid any high-level CRP concentration to prevent them from any risk factors of contamination by COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright (C) 2013 - All Rights Reserved - Pharmacophore
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 is one of the dangerous viruses that appears in 2020. The virus has gained popularity with its massive spread across the countries. The number of casualties has increased dramatically, which led many countries to declare a state of emergency as a result of the outbreak of this epidemic and their inability to control it. Several studies and researches have emerged to shed light on the mechanism of the virus and ways to prevent it, making it easier to control in the future. The World Health Organization (WHO) has begun to publish detailed numbers of injuries, deaths, and recovery cases and has given many advices, including the imposition of a total and partial curfew in many areas in addition to emphasizing the principle of social divergence in order to prevent the rapid spread of the virus among groups of society. The main goal of this paper is to design a system that used genetic algorithms (GAs) and the principles of linked open data (LOD) for improving the immunity system by enhancing social divergence. The system starts using GA for the purpose of finding the characteristics that must be present in a person who is dangerous to society in order to get away from him as much as possible. After taking these features, the system will take the values of these features and add it to the features for all persons in order to check it in the future and give alarm to all their friends or people around them. The RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a standard model for data interchange on the Web. The main idea for using RDF in this paper is finding a proper representation for user personal file and give the flexibility to connect many personal files in order to find a deep information and can reach an unknown person from known person using the FOAF (Friend Of A Friend) and vCard (virtual card) as a standard for vocabularies. The system takes the Statistics from the WHO which show the total infected cases in all countries arranged in decreasing order. The system gives a good result for analyzing the COVID-19 virus information and detecting the infected (possible infected) person and send warning to all nearest people and his friend and family, because sometimes the person has no coronavirus symptoms but he is infected so we need a technique for detecting that virus and take a proper action as soon as possible. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic situation has affected millions of people with tens of thousands of deaths worldwide. Despite all efforts for finding drugs or vaccines, the key role for the survival of patients is still related to the immune system. Therefore, improving the efficacy and the functionality of the immune system of COVID-19 patients is very crucial. The potential new, non-invasive, FDA-approved biophysical technology that could be considered in this regard is tumor treating fields (TTFields) based on an alternating electric field has great biological effects. TTFields have significant effects in improving the functionality of dendritic cell, and cytotoxic T-cells, and these cells have a major role in defense against viral infection. Hence, applying TTFields could help COVID-19 patients against infection. Additionally, TTFields can reduce viral genomic replication, by reducing the expressions of some of the vital members of DNA replication complex genes from the minichromosome maintenance family (MCMs). These genes not only are involved in DNA replication but it has also been proven that they have a crucial role in viral replication. Also, TTFields suppress the formation of the network of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) which is knows as filamentous (F)-actin-rich tubular structures. TNTs have a critical role in promoting the spread of viruses through improving viral entry and acting as a protective agent for viral components from immune cells and even pharmaceuticals. Moreover, TTFields enhance autophagy which leads to apoptosis of virally infected cells. Thus, it can be speculated that using TTFields may prove to be a promising approach as a subsidiary treatment of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Neoplasms , COVID-19/therapy , Humans , Neoplasms/therapy , Pandemics , TechnologyABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with irreversible effects on vital organs, especially the respiratory and cardiac systems. While the immune system plays a key role in the survival of patients to viral infections, in COVID-19, there is a hyperinflammatory immune response evoked by all the immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and includes release of various cytokines, resulting in an exaggerated immune response, named cytokine storm. This severe, dysregulated immune response causes multi-organ damage, which eventually leads to high mortality. One of the most important components of hypersensitivity is immunoglobulin E (IgE), which plays a major role in susceptibility to respiratory infections and can lead to the activation of mast cells. There is also a negative association between IgE and IFN-α, which can reduce Toll-like receptor (TLR) nine receptor expression and TLR-7 signaling to disrupt IFN production. Moreover, anti-IgE drugs such as omalizumab reduces the severity and duration of COVID-19. In addition to its anti-IgE effect, omalizumab inhibits inflammatory cells such as neutrophils. Hence, blockade of IgE may have clinical utility as an immunotherapy for COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , COVID-19/immunology , Omalizumab/therapeutic use , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Interferon-alpha/immunology , Omalizumab/immunology , Signal Transduction/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 7/immunologyABSTRACT
The immune system protects against viruses and diseases and produces antibodies to kill pathogens. This review presents a brief overview of the immune system regarding its protection of the human body from COVID-19; illustrates the process of the immune system, how it works, and its mechanism to fight virus; and presents information on the most recent COVID-19 treatments and experimental data. Various types of potential challenges for the immunes system are also discussed. At the end of the article, foods to consume and avoid are suggested, and physical exercise is encouraged. This article can be used worldwide as a state of the art in this critical moment for promising alternative solutions related to surviving the coronavirus.